How to train gross motor skills with a child?
All-round development of a person is not only continuous expansion of knowledge and skills, but also education and development of physical fitness. Gross motor skills are an integral part of a child's motor development. Thanks to the movements, the child gains experience, acquires skills that will later be used in his later life.
The main goals of gross motor exercises are:
- development of the child's general mobility
- development of the ability to control one's own movements
EXERCISES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF SENSORY PERCEPTION
- familiarization with hands: make a fist, open a hand, rub hand against hand, etc.
hand exercises: lifting, lowering, alternating, simultaneously
touching elbows, for example, knees, the floor
exercises for feeling your own feet: foot touching the ground, heel strikes, toes, feet joining, foot clapping, walking on heels, walking on toes, walking on the outside, inside of the foot
sense of your head: touch the top of the head, the side of the head, the ears, the eyes, the nose, the forehead, the cheeks, the mouth, the tongue, the chin
cognition and sensation of the back and buttocks: lying on the back, rolling on the back, forward movements, backward on the back
recognition and palpation of the abdomen: lying on the stomach, moving on the stomach, turning in a circle on the stomach, moving forward and backward on the stomach
play in front of the mirror: observe the shape of your body, touch, move the indicated part of the body
exercises aimed at learning thermal sensations - playing with water
exercises on recognizing different surface structures
exercises for the development of taste and smell
try different tastes and identify them (sweet, bitter, salty, sour)
association of a taste with a picture or a prop (for example, a sour taste - lemon)
recognition of different smells (for example, garlic, lemon, mint, vanilla, flowers, essential oils, cake aromas)
EXERCISES THAT DEVELOP ORIENTATION IN SPACE
- game in front of the mirror: show and name parts of the body
recognition of body parts in everyday situations, such as shaking hands, saying hello today with elbows, knees, etc.
movement exercises using prepositions (on, under, behind, next to, etc.)
we put our hands on the head, shoulders
stretch out your hands in front of you
we put our hands one by one
throwing the ball/bags and naming the direction: up, down, front, back, side
music-movement games with determination of directions, for example, "Camp", "Penguin", etc.
hiding places/direction - the child must find the hidden object - searches, guided by the commands: "two steps forward, one step to the right, now forward ... etc."
EXERCISES FOR RELIEF OF TENSION FROM THE MUSCLES OF THE HANDS AND FOREARMS
- various swings, lifts, lowering of arms, small/large circles in different directions
fun with ribbons
drawing in the air/on a plane, smooth, free movements in the form of waves, circles, figures of eight, etc.
drawing any/specific space of large surfaces with paints, pencils, charcoal, etc.
BALANCE EXERCISES
- walking with high knees (stork walk, walking on tall grass)
walking along a marked line on the floor
walking on a pedestrian bridge, a bench with the help of a handler and without help with and without an object
jumping with both legs
standing on one leg "stork"
EXERCISES FOR COORDINATION OF THE WHOLE BODY
- sitting with crossed legs and a straight back
standing against the wall with his back to it
walking straight with a bag on his head
overcoming obstacle courses equipped with various equipment and accessories (walking, running, free and timed)
running games - run to the goal, run with supports, slalom run, gallop in different directions (right, left, forward, backward, along a circle line, dodging)
jumping on both and one leg
running to the goal with the performance of various actions (for example, translating something, moving on a spoon - paddle), etc.
fun on all fours
ball game: bouncing, throwing, catching, tossing, kicking, rolling
entertainment and exercise on the mattress
tilts, turns in different positions (sitting, standing) and in different directions (forward, backward, right, left) using different objects, for example, balls, bags, blocks.
fun and arcade games in the room such as:
throwing bags at a target (one-handed, two-handed, overhead, down, overhead)
rolling balls into the goal or a designated goal
throwing the ball to each other (throws with one hand, throws with two hands, catching with one hand, with two hands)
throw the ball into the basket, the hoop is held by the teacher
fun with bowling
fun and arcade games in the street such as:
game - ringo
badminton
football